SSDI is primarily an insurance benefit based on covered work history. SSI is a needs-based program for people with limited income and resources who are disabled, blind, or age 65 or older. You may be evaluated for both and, in some cases, receive both.
SSDI
SSDI generally requires a qualifying disability and enough recent work covered by Social Security. The payment amount is linked to the worker’s earnings record, not financial need.
SSI
SSI considers income and resources and does not require the same insured work history. Adults and children may qualify under different disability rules; adults age 65 or older can potentially qualify without a disability if the other SSI rules are met.
What both programs share
For adult disability claims, both programs use Social Security’s disability evaluation. Nonmedical eligibility, payment rules, health coverage connections, and effective dates are different.
Recommended action
Do not choose only by the program name. Use SSA’s application process and provide accurate work, income, resource, household, and medical information so the agency can determine which program or combination applies.