You may need both requests if you are unsure why the overpayment occurred. The notice controls the exact instructions for your case.
Choose an appeal when the decision is wrong
Request reconsideration if you believe you were not overpaid or the amount is incorrect. SSA's overpayment fact sheet identifies Form SSA-561-U2 and a general 60-day period from receipt of the original overpayment notice. A late request may require a good-cause explanation.
Choose a waiver when repayment should not be collected
Request a waiver if you believe you were not at fault and cannot afford repayment, or if recovery would be unfair for another reason. SSA states that there is no time limit for a waiver. The current waiver form is SSA-632-BK, edition 06-2025.
Why the first 30 days matter
SSA generally waits at least 30 days after sending the notice before collection starts. If you submit a waiver or appeal within 30 days, SSA says it will not collect until it decides the request. This 30-day collection rule does not replace the 60-day appeal deadline.
When a lower payment request is different
If you agree with the overpayment and do not seek a waiver but cannot afford the proposed monthly recovery amount, SSA directs you to Form SSA-634, Request for Change in Overpayment Recovery Rate.
Recommended action
- Read the entire notice and note its date.
- Identify whether you dispute the overpayment, seek forgiveness of recovery, or only need smaller payments.
- Use the form and channel named by SSA.
- Keep proof of submission and every supporting record.
- Seek qualified legal help when the debt or appeal could substantially affect your rights.
Official sources
- SSA — resolve an overpayment
- SSA — Overpayments fact sheet (PDF)
- SSA — appeal, waiver, and recovery-rate options
- SSA — SSI overpayments